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IRON AND STEEL

Overview

PROCESSES

• Agglomeration
  
• Coking
  
• Blast Furnace
  
• Direct Reduction
• Basic Oxygen Furnace
• Electric Arc Furnace
• Heat Treating
• Ladle Metallurgy
• Continuous Casting
• Ingot Casting
• Ladle Preheating
• Secondary Finishing
• Surface Coating
  
  

ALUMINUM

Overview

PROCESSES

• Mining/Primary Processing
  
• Recycle/Scrap Melting
  
• Aluminum Casting
  
• Aluminum Smelting
  
• Anode Baking
  
• Bauxite Mining
  
• Bauxite Refining
  
• Extrusion
  
• Forging
  
• Heat Treating
  
• Molten Handling
  
• Rolling

Courtesy of U.S. Steel

Historically, the hot steel was teemed (poured) into ingot molds. These ingots then had to be reheated in soaking pits and then sent to ingot breakdown mills to produce the basic primary shapes: slabs for sheet and plate mills, billets for rod and bar mills, and blooms for structural shapes. Today, little more than 10% of steel is finished this way. In the newer process, molten steel is continuously cast into the primary shapes. These shapes are typically stockpiled and then reheated for final hot rolling steps.

Ironmaking

Steelmaking

Rolling and Finishing