Home

About Metals Advisor

Help

IRON AND STEEL

Overview

PROCESSES

• Agglomeration
  
• Coking
  
• Blast Furnace
  
• Direct Reduction
• Basic Oxygen Furnace
• Electric Arc Furnace
• Heat Treating
• Ladle Metallurgy
• Continuous Casting
• Ingot Casting
• Ladle Preheating
• Secondary Finishing
• Surface Coating
  
  

ALUMINUM

Overview

PROCESSES

• Mining/Primary Processing
  
• Recycle/Scrap Melting
  
• Aluminum Casting
  
• Aluminum Smelting
  
• Anode Baking
  
• Bauxite Mining
  
• Bauxite Refining
  
• Extrusion
  
• Forging
  
• Heat Treating
  
• Molten Handling
  
• Rolling

Vaccuum Degassing Courtesy of U.S. Steel

Equipment
Combustion Technology
Energy Consumption
Process Description
R&D Trends

After tapping from a BOP or EAF, molten steel for high quality or specialty applications is subjected to further refining in a number of alternative processes collectively known as ladle metallurgy, ladle refining, or secondary steelmaking. The objectives of these processes are:

Glossary

Deoxidization - Removal of Oxygen

Degassing - Removal of Hydrogen

Desulfurization - To sulfur concentrations as low as 0.002%

Microcleanliness - Removal of undesirable nonmetallic elements

Inclusion morphology - Changing the composition of remaining impurities to improve the microstructure of the steel

Mechanical properties - Increases toughness, ductility, and transverse properties