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IRON AND STEEL

Overview

PROCESSES

• Agglomeration
  
• Coking
  
• Blast Furnace
  
• Direct Reduction
• Basic Oxygen Furnace
• Electric Arc Furnace
• Heat Treating
• Ladle Metallurgy
• Continuous Casting
• Ingot Casting
• Ladle Preheating
• Secondary Finishing
• Surface Coating
  
  

ALUMINUM

Overview

PROCESSES

• Mining/Primary Processing
  
• Recycle/Scrap Melting
  
• Aluminum Casting
  
• Aluminum Smelting
  
• Anode Baking
  
• Bauxite Mining
  
• Bauxite Refining
  
• Extrusion
  
• Forging
  
• Heat Treating
  
• Molten Handling
  
• Rolling

Iron and Steel Engineer, April, 1995.

Equipment
Combustion Technology
Energy Consumption
Process Description
R&D Trends

Energy usage for DRI production is dominated by natural gas and coal-based processes. Natural gas based processes accounted for 91.8% of total DRI production in 1992. The majority of DRI production occurs outside of the U.S. To-date, there is only one captive (consumes all the product it produces) UR DRI production facility operated by Georgetown Steel (Georgetown, S.C.)