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IRON AND STEEL

Overview

PROCESSES

• Agglomeration
  
• Coking
  
• Blast Furnace
  
• Direct Reduction
• Basic Oxygen Furnace
• Electric Arc Furnace
• Heat Treating
• Ladle Metallurgy
• Continuous Casting
• Ingot Casting
• Ladle Preheating
• Secondary Finishing
• Surface Coating
  
  

ALUMINUM

Overview

PROCESSES

• Mining/Primary Processing
  
• Recycle/Scrap Melting
  
• Aluminum Casting
  
• Aluminum Smelting
  
• Anode Baking
  
• Bauxite Mining
  
• Bauxite Refining
  
• Extrusion
  
• Forging
  
• Heat Treating
  
• Molten Handling
  
• Rolling

Equipment
Combustion Technology
Energy Consumption
Process Description

The graphic show the energy and materials requirements for pelletizing and sintering. In pelletizing, the furnaces require 0.5 to 1.0 million Btu per ton of ore pellets produced depending on the type and quality of ore produced. Sintering requires an ignition sourcefuel which in turn produces combustion in the coke breeze. The ignition fuel requirements are about 1.5 million Btu/ton of sinter produced. A nearly equivalent amount of energy is contained in the coke breeze that is mixed with the ore fines prior to firing.

Glossary:

Coke Breeze

Coke breeze is fine coke particles, dust, etc. too small to be charged in the blast furnace.