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IRON AND STEEL

Overview

PROCESSES

• Agglomeration
  
• Coking
  
• Blast Furnace
  
• Direct Reduction
• Basic Oxygen Furnace
• Electric Arc Furnace
• Heat Treating
• Ladle Metallurgy
• Continuous Casting
• Ingot Casting
• Ladle Preheating
• Secondary Finishing
• Surface Coating
  
  

ALUMINUM

Overview

PROCESSES

• Mining/Primary Processing
  
• Recycle/Scrap Melting
  
• Aluminum Casting
  
• Aluminum Smelting
  
• Anode Baking
  
• Bauxite Mining
  
• Bauxite Refining
  
• Extrusion
  
• Forging
  
• Heat Treating
  
• Molten Handling
  
• Rolling

Basic Steel Mill Products Canadian Iron and Steel Industry Employment and Productivity Energy Consumption Environmental Issues Industry Modernization and Restructuring Integrated Mill Business Structure International Competition Labor Issues Market Drivers

Minimill Business Structure Price Trends Products and Markets Regulations and NOx Control Rolling Mills / Secondary Finishing Sales Revenue and Profitability Shipments by Major Markets Shipments by Type of Market Shipments by Type of Product U.S. Share of World Output U.S. Steel Shipments

Steel industry output and consumption are very sensitive to business cycles. When the economic growth is strong, steel demand and supply increase; when the economy is soft, the demand for steel declines. Worldwide, the industry experienced significant declines in 1974-75, 1982, and 1992. The figure shows statistics for U.S. shipments and U.S. consumption for the last ten years. The gap between shipments and consumption reflects net imports of steel into the U.S.

Annual Statistical Report 1994, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C. 1995